Are groundbreaking science discoveries becoming harder to find? Researchers are arguing over whether “disruptive” or “novel” science is waning – and how to remedy the problem.

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From 1996 to 2023, looking at broad, global-level data, the number of papers per researcher roughly doubled, calculates Vincent Larivière, an information scientist at the University of Montreal in Canada.

This content has been updated on July 11 2025 at 13 h 38 min.